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Simulation of blast induced crater in jointed rock mass by discontinuous deformation analysis method

Youjun NING, Xinmei AN, Jun YANG, Guowei MA,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 223-232 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0022-5

摘要： Rock blasting is a dynamic process accompanied with the propagations of shock waves and the dispersion of the explosion gas. This paper adopts the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method to simulate the rock blasting process. A dynamic parameter adjustment and the non-reflecting boundary condition are implemented in the DDA method. The sub-block DDA method to simulate fracture problems is used. The blasting process in jointed rock mass is simulated by application of the explosion gas pressure on the expanding borehole walls and induced connected fracture surfaces around the boreholes. The blast craters with different overburdens are derived. The whole process including the explosion gas dispersion, borehole expansion, rock mass failure and cast, and the formation of the final blasting piles in rock blasting are well reproduced numerically. Parametric study for different overburdens is carried out, and the results are analyzed and discussed.

关键词： blast crater jointed rock mass explosion gas pressure discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method

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建筑物内爆炸荷载研究综述

高康华,金丰年,王德荣,马士良

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第5期页码 59-64

摘要：

室内爆炸已成为当前建筑物面临爆炸灾害的主要形式之一。本文针对建筑物内化学炸药爆炸和可燃性气体混合物爆燃两种情况，从理论研究、模型试验和数值模拟3个方面总结并评述了当前国内外的研究现状，指出相关研究多以容器及管道内的爆炸试验或数值模拟为主，现有的理论模型对建筑物特点及使用功能考虑较少。

关键词：建筑物内爆炸荷载化学炸药可燃气体混合物爆燃

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CFD evaluation of pressure drop across a 3-D filter housing for industrial gas turbine plants

Fidelis I. ABAM,Samuel O. EFFIOM,Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第2期页码 192-202 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0406-x

摘要： This paper investigated the flow distribution and total pressure drop across a designed 3-D filter housing integrated with a 3-stage filtration system using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The filter housing model was proposed for a heavy-duty industrial gas turbine plant operating at an average ambient temperature of 20°C.The pressure drops across the classes of filters were 652.8 Pa, 2692.2 Pa, 887.8 Pa, 776.2 Pa and 2304.2 Pa for I-GB, GB-GA, GA-FA, FA-HA, and HA-O, respectively. The results obtained indicated an acceptable total pressure drop of 7.2% for the entire filter housing before filter clean-up. Although the CFD simulation result shows that small outlet flow velocity and transonic flows exist at the outlet of the filter housing, the designed filter housing was proved compatible with the studied GT, for inlet flow conditions between 600≤ ≤610 kg/s and 60≤ ≤70 m/s for the air flow rate and velocity, respectively. Furthermore, the designed filter housing could be adopted for the studied GT and locations of Usan and Maiduguri in Nigeria, and other locations with similar environmental conditions.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics (CFD) pressure drop flow distribution filter housing gas turbine

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气辅注塑成型注气压力的模糊神经网络控制研究

欧长劲

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 27-32

摘要：

针对气辅注塑成形的注气压力精确控制要求，设计了具有５层结构的模糊神经网络控制器和控制算法，利用神经网络的学习能力实现对模糊逻辑规则的优化，改善了系统的适应性。对系统３段压力控制的仿真分析，验证了模糊神经网络控制模型的可行性，控制效果良好。

关键词：气体辅助注射成型模糊神经网络注气压力控制

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Development of a simplified n-heptane/methane model for high-pressure direct-injection naturalgas marine engines

Jingrui LI, Haifeng LIU, Xinlei LIU, Ying YE, Hu WANG, Xinyan WANG, Hua ZHAO, Mingfa YAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 405-420 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0718-3

摘要： High-pressure direct-injection (HPDI) of natu-ral gas is one of the most promising solutions for future ship engines, in which the combustion process is mainly controlled by the chemical kinetics. However, the employment of detailed chemical models for the multi-dimensional combustion simulation is significantly expensive due to the large scale of the marine engine. In the present paper, a reduced -heptane/methane model consisting of 35-step reactions was constructed using multiple reduction approaches. Then this model was further reduced to include only 27 reactions by utilizing the HyChem (Hybrid Chemistry) method. An overall good agreement with the experimentally measured ignition delay data of both -heptane and methane for these two reduced models was achieved and reasonable predictions for the measured laminar flame speeds were obtained for the 35-step model. But the 27-step model cannot predict the laminar flame speed very well. In addition, these two reduced models were both able to reproduce the experimentally measured in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate profiles for a HPDI natural gas marine engine, the highest error of predicted combustion phase being 6.5%. However, the engine-out CO emission was over-predicted and the highest error of predicted NO emission was less than 12.9%. The predicted distributions of temperature and equivalence ratio by the 35-step and 27-step models are similar to those of the 334-step model. However, the predicted distributions of OH and CH O are significantly different from those of the 334-step model. In short, the reduced chemical kinetic models developed provide a high-efficient and dependable method to simulate the characteristics of combustion and emissions in HPDI natural gas marine engines.

关键词： high-pressure direct-injection natural gas chemical kinetics combustion modelling marine engine

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Bioenergy recovery from landfill gas: A case study in China

Wei WANG, Yuxiang LUO, Zhou DENG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 20-31 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0012-9

摘要： Landfill gas (LFG) utilization which means a synergy between environmental protection and bioenergy recovery was investigated in this study. Pressure swing adsorption technology was used in LFG purification, and laboratory experiment, pilot-scale test, and on-site demonstration were carried out in Shenzhen, China. In the laboratory experiment, A-type carbon molecular sieve was selected as the adsorbent by comparison of several other adsorbents. The optimal adsorption pressure and adsorption time were 0.25 MPa and 2 min, respectively, under which the product generation rate was 4.5 m /h and the methane concentration was above 90%. The process and optimization of the pilot-scale test were also reported in the paper. The product gas was of high quality compared with the National Standard of Compressed Natural Gas as Vehicle Fuel (GB18047-2000), when the air concentration in feed gas was under 10.96%. The demonstration project was composed of a collection system, production system, and utilization system. The drive performance, environmental protection performance, and economic feasibility of the product gas – as alternative fuel in passenger car, truck, and bulldozer – were tested, showing the feasibility technology for LFG utilization.

关键词： landfill gas (LFG) compressed purified landfill gas (CPLG) pressure swing adsorption (PSA) alternative vehicle fuel demonstration project

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Numerical simulation and analysis of periodically oscillating pressure characteristics of inviscid flow

Yan GU, Yonglin JU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 21-28 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0173-2

摘要： Floating liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants are gaining increasing attention in offshore energy exploitation. The effects of the periodically oscillatory motion on the fluid flow in all processes on the offshore plant are very complicated and require detailed thermodynamic and hydrodynamic analyses. In this paper, numerical simulations are conducted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code combined with user defined function (UDF) in order to understand the periodically oscillating pressure characteristics of inviscid flow in the rolling pipe. The computational model of the circular pipe flow is established with the excitated rolling motion, at the excitated frequencies of 1–4 rad/s, and the excitated amplitudes of 3°–15°, respectively. The influences of flow velocities and excitated conditions on pressure characteristics, including mean pressure, frequency and amplitude are systematically investigated. It is found that the pressure fluctuation of the inviscid flow remains almost constant at different flow velocities. The amplitude of the pressure fluctuation increases with the increasing of the excitated amplitude, and decreases with the increasing of the excitated frequency. It is also found that the period of the pressure fluctuation varies with the excitated frequency. Furthermore, theoretical analyses of the flow in the rolling circular pipe are conducted and the results are found in qualitative agreement with the numerical simulations.

关键词： pressure fluctuation rolling floating production storage and offloading unit for liquefied natural gas (LNG-FPSO) offshore

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川东北复杂压力体系气井固井技术

周仕明,曾义金

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 50-55

摘要：

川东北地区普光、河坝、元坝等区块的海相天然气藏勘探取得了重大突破，该地区目的层埋藏深，地层压力和温度高，H₂S和CO₂含量高，属“三高”气田。陆相和海相地层有多套压力系统，长封固段和小间隙是固井工艺面临的主要挑战，H₂S和CO2对气井长期安全造成威胁。2006年以前川东北探井的技术套管和生产套管固井的一次合格率仅为80 %和72 %。通过研究应用胶乳防腐防气窜水泥浆体系，紧密堆积高密度防气窜水泥浆体系，正注反挤工艺和分段压稳模型设计环空液柱结构等体系和工艺技术，固井质量较2006年前有大幅度提高。普光气田固井质量合格率100 ％，优良率达到90 ％，为普光气田顺利投产供气提供了保障。

关键词：复杂压力小间隙气窜漏失胶乳分段压稳

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高压高产含硫气井测试技术及应用

王世泽,唐瑞江, 赵祚培,杜林

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第10期页码 56-60

摘要：

川东北海相气藏埋藏深、温度压力高、普遍含硫、平面及纵向产量变化大，测试工艺复杂，面临井下工具受限、井下事故复杂、井控及环境污染风险大等难题。在川东北高含硫气井测试实践与经验基础上，形成了高压高产含硫气井测试技术。形成了三类六套APR射孔—酸压—测试联作短期测试管柱；管柱力学分析、多级压力控制、国产抗硫及复合地面流程等测试配套工艺满足各类测试要求；以压井、防喷、防漏为主的测试应急方案及措施确保了作业安全。该技术在YB1-侧1，YB12，HB1-1D等井中成功应用，为该类气田勘探开发的顺利进行提供了技术支撑。

关键词：高压高产含硫气藏测试

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反爆炸恐怖袭击防排爆技术综述

方向,高振儒,周守强,郭涛

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第5期页码 80-83

摘要：

爆炸袭击是最残酷、最血腥、最难防范的恐怖活动，防排爆是反爆炸恐怖袭击最直接的技术手段，其中涉及搜爆、排爆、防爆等技术装备和方法。近年来，反爆炸恐怖袭击防排爆技术取得了很大进步，但还存在许多技术难题。本文主要分析了爆炸恐怖活动规律、搜排爆装备技术和防护技术现状，研究了爆炸物探测和防排爆的技术途径，针对现有装备技术的局限性提出了研究的方向和思路。

关键词：爆炸恐怖搜爆排爆防爆

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Effect of different gas releasing methods on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch cultures

Sheng CHANG, Jianzheng LI, Feng LIU, Ze YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 901-906 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0403-1

摘要： Decreasing hydrogen partial pressure can not only increase the activity of the hydrogen enzyme but also decrease the products inhibition, so it is an appropriate method to enhance the fermentative hydrogen production from anaerobic mixed culture. The effect of biogas release method on anaerobic fermentative hydrogen production in batch culture system was compared, i.e., Owen method with intermediately release, continuous releasing method, and continuous releasing+ CO absorbing. The experimental results showed that, at 35°C, initial pH 7.0 and glucose concentration of 10 g·L , the hydrogen production was only 28 mL when releasing gas by Owen method, while it increased two times when releasing the biogas continuously. The cumulative hydrogen production could reach 155 mL when carbon dioxide in the gas stream was continuously absorbed by 1 mol·L NaOH. The results showed that acetate was dominated, accounting for 43% in the dissolved fermentation products in Owen method, whereas the butyrate predominated and reached 47%–53% of the total liquid end products when releasing gas continuously. It is concluded that the homoacetogenesis could be suppressed when absorbing CO in the gas phase in fermentative hydrogen production system.

关键词： batch fermentation hydrogen production biogas releasing hydrogen pressure homoacetogenesis

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低渗透油田层内爆炸增产技术研究进展

李德聪,陈力,林英松,丁雁生

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第9期页码 52-57

摘要：

系统介绍了层内爆炸增产技术的技术思路、应用前景以及实现该技术所涉及到的一系列关键性技术问题；详细介绍了近年来针对此项技术所开展的一系列研究工作，报告了取得的一些研究成果，并对今后的主要研究工作做了展望。

关键词：低渗透油田爆炸力学层内爆炸安全性模拟试验力学模型

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燃气轮机燃烧室效率模化试验中压力指数的研究

杨锐,王应时

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第10期页码 83-87

摘要：

通过对2种不同类型的燃气轮机燃烧室的数值计算，研究了不同燃烧类型对燃气轮机燃烧室效率模化试验中压力指数选取的影响。结果表明，压力指数除受到燃料、余气系数等影响之外，燃烧类型也有很大影响。对于以碳氢化合物为燃料，化学反应控制类型燃烧室模化中N值相对较大，大致范围为1.6～2.0。当燃烧过程受扩散控制时， N值相对较小，大致范围为1.0～1.4。

关键词：燃烧室效率模化试验压力指数数值模拟

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核爆聚变电站──人类未来能源的希望

彭先觉,刘成安,陈银亮,郭勤,尹文华,白云,陈小伟,屈明

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第1期页码 39-46

摘要：

详细介绍了核爆聚变电站的基本概念、组成、发展简史；提出了解决核爆炸实施安全、烧氘型核装置设计、核燃料生产回收等一系列问题的技术途径；对电站的技术可行性进行了分析论证，并比较了各种作为人类未来能源核能方案的前景。

关键词：核爆聚变电站爆洞喷钠烧氘型核装置核燃料循环

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Modeling the gas flow in a cyclone separator at different temperature and pressure

Gujun WAN, Guogang SUN, Cuizhi GAO, Ruiqian DONG, Ying ZHENG, Mingxian SHI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 498-505 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0502-0

摘要： The gas flow field in a cyclone separator, operated within a temperature range of 293 K – 1373 K and a pressure range of 0.1 – 6.5 MPa, has been simulated using a modified Reynolds-stress model (RSM) on commercial software platform FLUENT 6.1. The computational results show that the temperature and pressure significantly influence the gas velocity vectors, especially on their tangential component, in the cyclone. The tangential velocity decreases with an increase in temperature and increases with an increase in pressure. This tendency of the decrease or increase, however, reduces gradually when the temperature is above 1000 K or the pressure goes beyond 1.0 MPa. The temperature and pressure have a relatively weak influence on the axial velocity profiles. The outer downward flow rate increases with a temperature increase, whereas it decreases with a pressure increase. The centripetal radial velocity is strong in the region of 0 – 0.25 below the vortex finder entrance, which is named as a short-cut flow zone in this study. Based on the simulation results, a set of correlations was developed to calculate the combined effects of temperature and pressure on the tangential velocity, the downward flow rate in the cyclone and the centripetal radial velocity in the short-cut flow region underneath the vortex finder.

关键词： cyclone separator high temperature high pressure flow field numerical simulation